HRD at Indiana State University Personal Statement

HRD at Indiana State University - Personal Statement Example In ten years, I try to turn into an expert advisor in security the board and by augmentation, human asset advancement. The information picked up in Human Resource Development will give me the essential abilities to spur workers towards the achievement of particular hierarchical objectives. Over the long haul, the degree will enhance my abilities in security the board as it will empower me comprehend the brain research of workers and how to make associations ok for each partner. I picked Indiana State University since it gives a situation that I am acclimated with consequently engender smooth continuation of learning. Besides, with Indiana State University giving chances to open and network administration and creating pioneers in its understudies, I anticipate increasing relational and basic authority abilities to profit the association that I will oversee and my consultancy undertaking. Other than the institution’s accreditation by the Higher Learning Commission, its association to the Society of Human Resource Management furnishes me with various systems administration and vocation improvement

Ozymandias poem analysis free essay sample

Pharaoh Ozymandias was a pitiless dictator, who believed himself to be the most forceful individual on earth; nearly as strong as a divine being. The sculpture is depicted as having â€Å"two immense and trunkless legs† (line 2) rousing the peruser to fathom Ozymandias’ power; he was strong to such an extent that nobody could even gauge his â€Å"vast† power. The peruser is directed to comprehend that Ozymandias was a presumptuous, pitiless pioneer with the words: â€Å"frown† (line 4), â€Å"wrinkled lip† and â€Å"sneer† (line 5). These physical highlights caught on the look uncover the Pharaoh’s genuine character as a terrible domineering pioneer, scoffing and glaring at his subjects in the event that they didn’t follow his â€Å"cold command† (line 5), demonstrating his total domain over his kingdom1. The engraving Ozymandias had set by his sculpture, permits the peruser to completely understand the degree of his presumption. He believed himself to be â€Å"King of Kings† (line 10), significantly better than every other person. Ozymandias planned to threaten relentless warriors also, he needed to wonder them with his capacity this is appeared with the words â€Å"ye strong and despair† (line 11). The engraved words on the platform and the sheer immensity of the sculpture; appear to be planned to start dread and fear in the individuals who see it. Anybody contrasted with him is nothing, and worth nothing. Question 2: Ozymandias’ irate, coldblooded â€Å"passions† (line 6) were so apparent and solid that it was simple for the stone carver to catch them completely forever. The incongruity that the interests, so solid and brimming with life, stay just because of a â€Å"lifeless thing† (line 7) is underlined by the juxtaposition of the two differentiating words. Human desire can be solid and amazing however except if one uses them to make something solid they will be lost always, when they bite the dust alongside the individual they consume inside †just dead, hard confirmations stay to affirm our loaded with life, whimsical feelings and goals. Ozymandias is dead as is the stone carver, yet the self-important and brutal interests endure in view of the solid and substantial sculpture. The King’s energy is presently, â€Å"lone and level sands stretch far away†, yet the incredible work of the stone worker stays somewhat; vouching for his aspirations as a gifted artist. 1 Shmoop54461332 Question3: The engraving that remaining parts adjacent to this sculpture peruses; â€Å"My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings: Look on my works, ye strong and despair† (lines 10 and 11). As referenced before this engraving empowers the crowd to comprehend his capacity and enormity, as much different lords and forceful warriors were cautio ned that they could never reach, and should surrender from attempting to come to, his level. However unexpectedly all that remaining parts is crafted by the â€Å"hand† and â€Å"heart† (line 8) of the stone worker. People are vain and try to be recollected forever2, to leave an everlasting imprint on this world. Anyway regularly those not looking for this degree of eternality are the ones to get it and the individuals who do seek after it are to some degree overlooked. The stone worker is presently getting all the consideration and acclaim, for his exact depiction of the Pharaoh, which Ozymandias felt he merited and along these lines endeavored to protect. The main thing that has made due of Ozymandias’ realm is the sculptor’s carvings; â€Å"stamped onto these inert things† (line 7). Everything that looked like Ozymandias’ power is currently a â€Å"colossal wreck, vast and bare† (line 13). What remains of Ozymandias’ haughtiness and territory is the thing that the craftsman recorded via cutting into the stone. Workmanship has suffered and filled in as device to save the historical backdrop of humanity. The sculpture has remained making the artist become more ‘powerful’ than Ozymandias himself. Question 4: This sonnet features man’s mortality and his failure to battle the intensity of nature, in spite of his perhaps outrageous physical may. â€Å"Two huge and trunkless legs† (line 2) drives the peruser to think about what befell the remainder of the striking sculpture, and become crippled that this great sculpture is presently just a â€Å"colossal wreck† (line 13). This sonnet instructs us that even the most grounded and mightiest will in the long run fall; Ozymandias viewed himself as the â€Å"king of kings† (line 10) however at this point his look is â€Å"half sunk† and â€Å"shattered† (line 4). The very sculpture Ozymandias thought would stay to everlastingly affirm his significance currently lies in ruins. The engraving of the platform was once planned Ozymandias’ subjects to surrender at their failure to arrive at his degree of superb force, but at this point it appears to ask passer byes to surrender at the sorry state in which the sculpture is presently lying, to surrender at the transient idea of mankind. The scene depicted in this sonnet brings 2 3 gradesaver Wikihow 54461332 to mind the buzzword yet evident articulation of; ‘Pride before fall’4, we looking back can see that nothing is left from Ozymandias’ may or power yet what the stone carver recorded. He, who was an unfeeling despot; â€Å"sneer of cold command† (line 4), has his memory at the destiny of nature the stone carvers â€Å"hand† and â€Å"heart† (line 8). Ozymandias thought his capacity was so outstanding it would stay for ages, yet the peruser is made to comprehend that his sculpture is rotting alone; â€Å"nothing next to remains† (line 13). The short, not-genuine, sentences of line 12: â€Å"Nothing next to remains. Round the decay†, add to the feeling of absolution that man is mortal and won't keep going forever in any structure or any what way. The sonnet finishes on a discouraging note, the words â€Å"sands stretch far away† (line 14) propose to the peruser that there is no way around his mortality, nature-the sand-stops for nobody. â€Å"Far away† insights to feeling of man surrendering and surrendering to nature, losing the will to attempt stay interminable for eternity. Question 5: The author utilizes similar sounding word usage as he parts of the bargains stress that man has no expectation, no abilities to battle and develop successful, against nature and time. The words â€Å"boundless and bare† (line 13) emphasize how barren the desert currently is, driving the peruser to think about what it once perhaps resembled during Ozymandias’ rule. However nothing is left from the powerful realm and the king’s sculpture is encircled by tremendous stretches of nothing. A component of ghostliness is added to the sonnet with the utilization of the words; â€Å"lone and level† (line 14), as what once had excellence and force stays as a quiet and desperate land. The â€Å"sands stretch† (line 14), another utilization of similar sounding word usage, reminds the peruser indeed that lone nature wins. â€Å"Stretch† is a word in the current state, indicating to us that the sand will keep on carrying out its responsibility of rotting the sculpture, and annihilating the â€Å"two huge trunkless legs† (line 2), that do remain. Consequently decimating from the world the last recollections of Ozymandias and with it man’s any desire for everlasting status. List of sources: †¢ 4 Wikihow BBC †GCSE bitesize Shmoop Gradesaver BBC-GCSE bitesize 54461332

The best of English, the worst of English

The best of English, the worst of English Hello, everyone! Its been awhile. How are you? This semester Ive been running around campus, and it looks a little bit like this. You may know the feeling: head down, tiny legs running faster than you thought they could to get out of the rain/cold/slush the weather decided to bestow upon us that day. Maybe a casual face-plant, or two. Although everything seems to be a dash for the finish line, I wanted to take a moment to slow down and appreciate my major. This semester is the first semester that Ive only had one English class. Most of my time is spent working at the Admissions Office, The Daily Illini, and at a startup, but last year I was taking three English classes a semester and I absolutely  loved  it. Sure, there can be a lot of papers (and by that I mean around 30 pages per class, per semester) but English classes provide you with something that a lot of other classes dont: connection. My classes vary in size, but every discussion session is about 15 people. Thats only  15 people, with their own respective majors, interests, ideas, hobbies, and opinions. And you get to know them, I promise. We are a relatively tight-knit group. When you put 15 people into a room all semester and just tell them to talk about books, its an experience that you wont get anywhere else. I dont think that even book clubs usually achieve this level of discussion (but that may have to do with the readings not being mandatory). Either way, its something to appreciate more as I transition from my major classes to my minor classes, which are a lot of large lectures. There are so many English courses to take, with so many topics available its sometimes hard to decide. Ive taken pre-18th century, post-18th century, medieval bodies, Shakespeare, Romantic literature, American literature, heroism and national identities (a comic book class), 19th century womens writers, and slew of other courses. Ive learned that, while it is amazing to be able to read all of the books I actually want to read (that youd probably never imagine reading for course material) its whats beyond that that matters. My backpack, sometimes. English forces you to look at things differently, survey a situation from all angles, and make an argument based off of your observations. Its difficult to convey your thoughts sometimes, and get them across to a large community of peopleâ€"often how its difficult to pitch a new idea to a boardroomâ€"but it provides you with that essential skill of written communication. Granted, it can be extremely difficult to churn out a 10-page paper in a couple weeks. The frustration of starting it is what gets me the most. But being able to demonstrate your thought process,   clearly explain what you want to say in a concise manner and actually have people understand it, thats rewarding. To some in the business world, its invaluable. Overall, its easy to say that I love my major, and my classes. But its nice to take the time to sit down and think about everything Ive accomplished so far in my years at the university. Its a lot more than reading books, and with my major Im confident that I can find my fit in a number of different fields. Just remember, no matter what your major, to pursue what makes you happy. If you ever have any questions about English majors, classes, or school in general, feel free to comment below. Alexandra Class of 2019 I'm an English major in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I'm also minoring in Business. May my blogs help you with your searches toward finding what you love.

Essay from Joel S. Burma †Second ThePensters Writing Contest Medalist #2

Evolving traditional education into virtual reality classes has many advantages; however, it also has many limitations overriding the benefits and therefore it will not replace traditional education in the foreseeable future. Firstly, virtual reality classes would result in children spending more time at home by themselves with a mask over their head, rather than in a classroom setting surrounded by children. This may lessen their ability to learn how to work in groups and cooperate with their peers, which is a skill proven to be learned through traditional education.1 Secondly, as a consequence of younger kids having more technology, the rates of attention deficit disorder (ADD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have steadily increased and this problem may worsen with the incorporation of virtual reality classes.2 Finally, this type of learning is more accessible to more affluent students, meaning lower social economic status (SES) families would not have access to this type of learning, further escalating the disparity between the rich and poor.3 For these reasons, traditional education is a more feasible option for students to obtain both school knowledge and the necessary people skills required in the workplace and everyday life. Traditional education allows children to go to school and learn how to cooperate in a group setting with an adult and 20-30 other students. They learn how to share and use teamwork to work towards a common goal, which is a crucial life skill that may not be developed through virtual reality classes.1 Also, with traditional education, students may have the opportunity to be in the same class as a student with down syndrome or autism. This unique opportunity allows them to interact first hand with these populations and understand the vast diversity throughout the world. With the introduction and expansion of social media, children are spending less time in the presence of others, but rather in virtual reality.4,5 This has sustainably lowered the amount of close friends’ children have and intensified the rates of adolescent depression because children are not receiving adequate social interaction.5 Virtual reality classes may further exacerbate this problem as children would have very limited interactions with others and have fewer close friends. The rates of ADD and ADHD have dramatically amplified in the last decade with the expansion of technology.2 This is a result of parents letting their children watch hours of stimulating television shows to keep them busy and entertained, which has been shown to reduce the ability of children to orient their attention and focus on a task for a duration of time.2,6 On average an adolescent child spends four to five hours watching television in a day.7 Virtual reality classes would only make this situation worse as there is a high probability students would be spending both their school day and evenings away from reality. This also means a reduction in physical activity as they would not be required to get outside and move, increasing the rates of obesity and not allowing the children to develop basic fundamental movement skills.8 Finally, virtual reality is not widely accessible to all students; therefore, it would most likely be used by higher SES families as lower SES families would not be able to afford this type of education.9,10 If government money and resources are put into virtual reality classes and traditional education is overlooked, lower SES families will be more impacted by this decision3. The more affluent would receive the best education; whereas, the less affluent would be forced to a second tier form of education, further amplifying the disparity between rich and poor, leading to further segregation and inequality.3,10 In summary, virtual reality classes have several advantages; however, the negative impacts strongly outweigh the positives. There are already too many problems in this world including adolescent depression, physical inactivity, obesity, ADD, ADHD, inequality, and segregation, and the introduction of virtual reality classes would potentially make these difficulties substantial worse. As of now, traditional education is the best way to go as children have to opportunity to learn how to interact with their peers and function as part of a team. It also gives them the freedom to make friends, create lifelong bonds, and learn about the vast diversity in this world. References: Osumi, T. (2003). Teamwork and people power: Liberatory teaching in the elementary classroom. Amerasia Journal, 29(2), 92. Froiland, J. M., Davison, M. L. (2016). Home literacy, television viewing, fidgeting and ADHD in young children. Educational Psychology, 36(8), 1337-1353. Publishing, O., Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD iLibrary, OECD. (2012). Equity and quality in education: Supporting disadvantaged students and schools. Washington: Organization for Economic Cooperation Development. Kuss, D. J., Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Online social networking and addictiona review of the psychological literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(9), 3528-3552. Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53(9), 1017-1031. Lo, C. B., Waring, M. E., Pagoto, S. L., Lemon, S. C. (2015). A television in the bedroom is associated with higher weekday screen time among youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD). Preventive Medicine Reports, 2, 1-3. Boyse, K. (2010). Television and Children. Michigan Medicine. Bazar, K. A., Yun, A. J., Lee, P. Y., Daniel, S. M., Doux, J. D. (2006). Obesity and ADHD may represent different manifestations of a common environmental oversampling syndrome: A model for revealing mechanistic overlap among cognitive, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders. Medical Hypotheses, 66(2), 263-269. Martà ­n-Gutià ©rrez, J. (2017). Virtual technologies trends in education. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(1). Rounce, A. D., Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives Saskatchewan Office, desLibris Documents, Canadian Electronic Library (Firm). (2004). Access to post-secondary education does class still matter. Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives-Saskastchewan.

Officials With The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration

Officials with the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration say that the number of indoor marijuana plants in California has quadrupled in the last three years. Many of these plants have occurred in middle-class and upper-class suburbs. Buyers have bought homes here because the financing of these homes are cheap. They have been remodeled to build farms which are built indoors. These indoor pot operation uses sophisticated irrigation, ventilation and lighting. This structure can contain 1,800 plants. This marijuana boom has brought in more than $100 million worth of pot last year. These homes were transformed into illicit greenhouses with blacked-out windows, sophisticated irrigation, high powered and timed lighting and ventilation devices to†¦show more content†¦Officials are not encouraging people to take the law into their own hands. They say that neighbors can keep their eyes open for suspicious signs. Tall tale signs are: homes where trash cans are never taken out to the s treet, where overgrown plants are never trimmed or where the gardener or pool caretaker never comes. Some pot dealers in Northern California are realizing that they have to change their way of living so that they won t be discovered by the law. So what do they do? They hire gardeners to bring out the trash and cut their grass. This makes it look more authentic. Gang members operating out of San Francisco set up operations in the Stockton, Modesto and Sacramento suburbs. These pot farms are nationwide and the seizures have soared. A drug commonly used by youths is Marijuana, and in relation Hashish. Commonly called pot, or grass, marijuana is produced from the leaves of Cannabis sativa. Hashish is a concentrated form of cannabis made from unadulterated resin from the female plant. The main active ingredient in both marijuana and hashish is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a mild hallucinogen. Marijuana is the most common drug used amongst teenagers. (Juvenile Delinquency, The Core, Second Edition), (Larry J. Siegel, Brandon C. Welsh, 2005, P. 233/Chapter 10). Smoking large amounts of pot, or has can cause distortion s in auditory and visual perception, even hallucinatory effects. Small doses produce an early excitementShow MoreRelatedCombating Mexican Drug Cartels1331 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Battling Mexican Drug Cartels Introduction What are federal law enforcement agencies doing to combat the powerful Mexican drug cartels that are making billions of dollars smuggling drugs into the U.S.? This paper focuses on the response that U.S. officials and law enforcement agencies have made to attempt to slow the flow of dangerous drugs across the border, and to cut into the leadership of the cartels. Mexico is Awash in Blood from the Cartels How bad is the violence in Mexico? An articleRead MoreU.s. Politics, Citizen Safety, And Economy1390 Words   |  6 PagesThe U.S. has been involved in the war on drugs across the U.S. – Mexican border for almost a decade. While the United States has continued to be an active helper in assisting the Mexican government, the level of violence and gang-related deaths are still increasing at an alarming rate. So far, the majority of U.S. involvement has been in the way of money and physical enforcement; both Mexico and our border with them have become heavily militarized in the years since the â€Å"war on drugs† was launchedRead MoreEssay on Gangs in America787 Words   |  4 PagesChoose a law enforcement agency. Detail that agencys plan of action to combat the violence of a particular gang. List real world examples. Discuss what is currently being done to combat drug violence, and describe the effectiveness of these tactics. 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Lastly, since 9/11, the PortRead MoreDrug Trafficking And The Criminal Justice System1272 Words   |  6 Pagespaper explains the consequences that drug traffickers face in today’s criminal justice system; those consequences being classed as controlled substances, federal trafficking sentences, offender and offense characteristics, and the effects of illegal drug trade on society. When the federal government labels a substance as controlled, this means the possession and distribution of these substances are governed by law. These laws are formulated in accordance with 21 U.S. Code  § 811 – 814 - Authority toRead MorePaper984 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Law Enforcement Marquell Garrett CJA/204 March 22, 2012 David Klein History of Law Enforcement When discussing the history of law enforcement, it is best we start with the invasion of England in 1066 by the Duke of Normandy, William the Conqueror. 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It has been the primary source of the illegal trades into U.S. from Mexico. Despite the government efforts to end the act, there have not been long-term solutions to the Menace. The vital approach is to understand the structural nature of the border and the socio-cultural nature of the inhabitants that facilitates the illegal act across the border. The lawful bill in place seemsRead MoreDrug Cartels And The United States1688 Words   |  7 Pagessituation in Mexico regarding the Drug Cartels has been an ongoing battle that has taken the life of between 30,000 to 40,000 civilians, cartels henchmen and federal employees. The violence has evolved into something new in recent years. The brutality contributed by the drug cartels could potentially be labeled as terrorist acts. The strong domestic conflict surrounding the drug cartel in Mexico has boiled over the borde r and into the United States. 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How Does Steinbeck Present Disadvantaged Characters Free Essays

string(74) " lives in America at the time of segregation from the colour of his skin\." Explore some of the ways in which Steinbeck presents disadvantaged characters in the novel In 1937, the American author John Steinbeck published ‘Of mice and Men’. Set in the Salinas Valley of California, it conveys the story of the struggles of the American people during ‘The Great Depression’. The Great Depression was a massive devastation throughout the whole of America where people suffered and the economy was at a huge crisis. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Steinbeck Present Disadvantaged Characters or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Unemployment rose from 3% to 26% and many people had died, showing how hard the citizens coped to survive in-between this difficult period. The Americans were in a depriving financial state full of high inflation after an economic fall known as the ‘The Wall Street Crash’ The nation only helped themselves by believing in their own dreams, which meant mostly to have their own lands, be rich and live a good-life- â€Å"The American Dream†. This ideology gave the public hopes of life and something to work towards. John Steinbeck does not only explore how people struggled for their American dream, but also describes how difficult this melancholy period in history was for the â€Å"lesser† group of individuals at the time: the disadvantaged characters. Lennie, a big simple-minded character, is a highly disadvantaged individual due to poor mental health. As Lennie is one of the predominant characters in ‘Of Mice and Men’, he is perhaps the least dynamic. He experiences no change in developing or growing in mental or practical abilities; the plain figure remains as illustrated at the start of the opening pages in the novel. Although his character is displayed in this way, despite being under privileged he is based as a central protagonists in the story. Steinbeck conveys a general initiative to his readers that, Lennie’s actions make great affection. Being basic makes his choices morally incorrect- this shows his difficulties. Steinbeck uses the character of Lennie to symbolise the mentally underprivileged people of this period. â€Å"Let’s have different colour rabbits, George. †Pg 16 â€Å"Just ain’t bright†24 Steinbeck shows his readers the stage of which Lennie’s mind is developed; still like a child’s, even though he is a fully-grown man. From the start of the novella, the reader must know that Steinbeck creates an illustration of Lennie as sadly being doomed, and must be sympathetic towards him. This is a construction built to present to the reader at the current time of the 1920’s a huge disadvantage to the mentally handicapped society. The simple-minded character of Lennie also leads him to lack in responsibility and trust. He is shown to have no knowledge of any financial or general life problems, therefore Steinbeck creates a main part for George to play in, and this is where he has to take the weight on his shoulders for Lennie. †if you jus’ happen to get in trouble like you always done before, I want you to come right here an’ hide in the brush†, †Leggo his hand, Lennie†, 64 You tol’ me to George,†64 The author is trying to portray an image to his readers that Lennie cannot think for his self and has to be controlled; this is another big under privilege towards the mentally handicapped people. Lennie also speaks without grammatical sense and this shows he is uneducated and not taught to talk proper English, â₠¬Å"they was so little† pg 11 â€Å"Don’t tell nobody† PG61 Lastly the biggest let down for the simple minded figure is not being able to adapt a level of understanding to the normal person , Lennie cannot tell the strength he applies or has when used. This makes him very innocent when attacking someone without knowing, He also loves to pet animals and furry material but while this process, as he is a strong figure, he kills the being. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Don’t you go yellin’, he said, and shook her; and her body flopped like a fish. And then she was still, for Lennie had broken her neck. †90 The author uses the word ‘and’ repetitively showing how dramatic the moment is. Steinbeck depicts towards his audience that Lennie was only trying to quite Curley’s wife but accidentally fails as he cannot handle his abnormal great strength. This use of dramatics and panic shows where Lennie is innocent. From my view I think Lennie is also based upon the theme of an animal, there are areas where Steinbeck refers to Lennie as animal like â€Å"He’s as strong as a bull† â€Å"the way a bear drags his pours† In addition, Steinbeck uses the comparison of Candy’s dog and Lennie to depict the value and status of less mentally capable individuals. Just how candy’s dog is eradicated once he becomes ‘useless’, the same image is created for Lennie as his fate is controlled and chosen by the ‘normal’ ranch hands. Similarly, The death of Lennie, is constructed as an illustration towards the readers that his own friend kills him because it is a ‘necessity’. The author is portraying to his readers that even George, Lennie’s tightest companion, shoots him out of sympathy so his friend does not go through the wrath of Curley’s torturing death. This conveys to us that the people of the 1930’s thought it was right to choose a death of a mentally handicapped because it was ‘obligatory’,Of mice and men, shows a greater emphasised picture, where a very close friendship is ended. The dramatics used by Steinbeck when showing us George kills his best colleague Lennie, tells the reader how life was a great hardship for the discrimination against the mentally handicapped, especially when it was very unlikely to see two friends travelling together. The book demonstrates this concept by putting the ‘rights’ of a dog identical to the ‘rights’ of a mentally incapable person. Today, this sought of situation is taken seriously, where the rights for any being is equally judged. Steinbeck presents another character which I think is one of the most hindered upon-Crooks. Crooks is highly discriminated, especially at this time, because he is black. He is a black man that lives in America at the time of segregation from the colour of his skin. You read "How Does Steinbeck Present Disadvantaged Characters" in category "Papers" This was tragic and sad for the black community as they were marginal. Living as a black man being employed was one of the most hardest job, this caused a lot of unemployment for the ‘coloured’ public . The only upper hand crooks had was a job in the ranch, it still was very risky, the boss beat him for no reason, but this was all he could do for a living. S’pose you didn’t have nobody. S’pose you couldn’t go to the bunk house and play rummy ’cause you was black. †72. Steinbeck often demonstrates towards his audience that Crooks is a victim of isolation and loneliness, this illustrates the high level of prejudice and separation against the black ethnic minority of the 1930s. Cr ooks use of the word ‘S’pose’ twice in short time to show the emphasis of his feelings. The appearance and physical disability of Crooks also makes him impoverished, he has a crooked back and thus is called by the name ‘Crooks ‘. Now and then he poured a few drops of the liniment into his pink-palmed hand and reached up under his shirt to rub again. He flexed his muscles against his back and shivered. †67. Steinbeck provides his readers with a description for the appearance of Crooks. This description shows us where ‘Crooks’ is named by the ranch hands. When Steinbeck uses this method, he produces nicknames to portray to his readers how the men do not take any interest in knowing a full name; this shows the loneliness. The black community was often assaulted by the white public, this was a great hardship in the 1930’s. I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain’t even funny. †80 â€Å"Crooks had reduced himself to nothing. There was no personality, no ego- nothing to arouse either like or dislike. †80. The black minority was too downgraded and this quote is evident. When any black man spoke for his self, he was threatened and could not fight on. Steinbeck expresses to his readers how life was for the black people when abused. As he is black, Crooks is segregated from the othe r workers, this causes a great amount of desolation, he is trapped in solitude day and night and resorts to reading books. In the novel, when Lennie enters Crooks room, at first his reaction is to be alone and unwanted but then his lack of unsociability wins over him and allows Lennie to set in. During his conversation, Crooks reveals his sorrow of being alone, segregated and divined from others. â€Å"I seen it over an’ over a guy talkin’ to another guy and it don’t make no difference if he don’t hear or understand. † He is referring to Lennie but actually talking of himself. Steinbeck creates an image to his reader, how the life of someone already disliked, deprives as he is lonely and separated. In the 1930’s, Steinbeck shows his readers where the black people’s status stood and where they were disadvantaged. The use of the word ‘n**ger’ was normal for people to remark, this just portrays how downgraded the black community were. I think as Crooks was in the bracket of an ethnic minority, he was extremely unlucky and discriminated, the author shows us another disadvantaged character based at the time of the novella. From the perspective of Curley’s wife, I think that John Steinbeck uses analogy to represent the place for woman and how they were the underdogs towards the men. Living in the male world, Curleys wife is mostly shown as a bad sign as she is an uncommon person in the ranch. She undergoes a difficult and antagonistic period through her life. â€Å"You wasn’t no good. You ain’t no good now, you lousy tart†94 â€Å"Well, ain’t she a looloo? †51 â€Å"I ain’t seen that much of her, PG 51 When whit describes her as this it shows what they think of her, also the emphasis of George speaking when saying, â€Å"I ain’t seen that much of her,† shows the care and intensity that he does not give when he replies. In the beginning of the novel, Steinbeck introduces Curley’s wife through Candy’s description. The critical comments leave the reader to have a negative opinion; as she seems to be a woman in a male world. ‘I’ve seen her give slim the eye†¦ an’ I’ve seen her give Carlson the eye. ’ (pg 29)    By classifying Curley’s wife as a ’flirt’, she is effectively prohibited from the men. There are certain areas where Curleys wife’s image is described evil and unhappy, Steinbeck tries to portray towards his readers that when she is there the mood is struck negatively and falls immediately at her presence, â€Å"Both men glanced up, for the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway was cut off. A girl was standing there looking in. She had full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages. She wore a cotton house dress and red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers. â€Å"I’m lookin’ for Curley,†she said. Her voice had a nasal, brittle quality. †PG 32 From this extract of the book, there are different ways in which the author describes Curley’s wife as a cynical approach at this moment of the story. Steinbeck shows us that as soon as she comes in the sunlight is cut off- blocking the admirable scene. Even with the clothing, Curley’s wife wears a lot of the colour red conveying the evil colour and the emphasis of her voice when she speaks,† Her voice had a nasal, brittle quality. † Steinbeck describes the disadvantages women had when she is first illustrated. Throughout the book, Curley’s wife’s character is fairly mysterious and complicated. She is continuously referred to as her husband’s belonging or possession, this shows us where she is unidentified, through this misidentification we can figure out her status as a woman; she did not need to be known. Steinbeck’s use of identification against Curley’s wife is her most disadvantage. When someone has no identification, it describes to the reader where his or her reputation is, the name Curley’s wife portrays an image that her name is a tool, owned by her husband and is not much importance. Through the book she is foreshadowed in many areas, where her sly flirty actions lead to hazardous trouble, despite this matter, when reading between the lines, the reader is made to show some part of sympathy to express towards her. The author also uses other ways to describe the loneliness and emotions in the book, words like ‘solitaire’ (meaning ‘ a card game played by one person), shows us how he referred to the people working at the ranch as desolate and unsocial, he also uses nick names, except for George and Lennie, such as â€Å"Slim† or â€Å"Curley†, this is another sign, of the low and sad mood. In the novel, there are a few areas where the writer presents short snappy sentences to show the effects, â€Å"The silence came into the room. And the silence lasted†. 9 Additionally, Steinbeck chooses the use of circulation in situations, just like a life cycle, In each chapter the setting in the beginning is the setting at the end, this conveys a message that the situation always ends at point one, , for example Lennie and George have a dream in the beginning which is just a plain dream that has no hope, it develops as the book stages itself at chapter 3 ,in the middle , there is sudden hope and it looks like an easy grab, but it circulates and drops back down, where Lennie kills Curley’s wife, this illustrates the method of death and that there is no hope left. John Steinbeck the author reveals to his audience how, in a general view, people were highly disadvantaged especially at the time of discrimination towards them. He mentions three obvious characters , Lennie, Crooks and Curley’s wife. These individuals all have main deficiencies and all have different types of disadvantages. Steinbeck uses a mentally handicapped individual, a black physically disabled man and a women in a male’s world, this shows us an occurring pattern from the author, trying to describe the sadness and discrimination to people at the time of ‘The Great Depression’ The novel, ‘Of Mice and Men’ depicts to the readers how the daily struggles for the working class were, being greatly underprivileged and the reality of failing plans for a living, resembling ‘The American Dream’. John Steinbeck shows his audience individuals who constantly face one problem after another. Moreover, he describes people of America who struggled a torrid time through â€Å"Survival of the fittest†, especially the discriminated. How to cite How Does Steinbeck Present Disadvantaged Characters, Papers

Short Summary Of Dead Poets Society Essay Example For Students

Short Summary Of Dead Poets Society Essay He wows them pictures of former Walton Students (now deceased); He makes the students realize that they are food for worms 3) What Latin phrase captures part of the theme of this movie? Carper diem- seize the day How does this phrase change each of the characters? The boys become more alert to what going on around them. They dont want to miss any opportunity that comes their way!! Their attitude changes because they start to reflect on what they want to do with their future. They also start to question their parents decisions which start to cause friction in the school. Neil auditions for a play( he gets the main role) Despite the fact that his father told him not to he does it anyways because it has always been his dream to be an actor. 4) What is the meaning of YAP? Barbaric- loud cry who is most affected by it? Todd is the one who is most affected because he was afraid of what people thought of him, and too afraid to speak in front of a crowd. But when the Mr.. Keating asks him to describe the painting in the class and he covers his eyes and makes him think about the painting he starts speaking up. Also at the end of the movie where Mr.. Keating is about to leave the school Todd finally speaks up and says Oh Captain. My captain. Mr.. Keating has this amazing ability of seeing trough his students, especially Todd. 5) This movie shows the battle between conformity and individuality. Discuss this for the main characters, as well as for John Keating. Conformity The boys from the Dead Poets Society were used to being told what to do in order to please their parents and most figures of authority. They would conform to most rules to avoid also getting the strap or other violent forms of discipline. Individuality Some students start to make a stand for what they believe in!! They want a say in what happens in their future. Some of them want to be part of the planning and the final decisions for their studies. 6) What is the dead poets society? Its a group of people who get together to read and discuss poetry. what does it represent? It represents freedom and individuality 7) Here are several key phrases from the movie. Discuss their meaning. O Wear food for worms. What he means is that we are mortal and that all of us will die someday. 0 The powerful play goes on and you may contribute a verse. Anyone can contribute to society. O Only in their dreams can men be truly free. T was always thus and always thus shall be. Goals and dreams give you something to strive for. O I want you to find your own way to walk. Be yourself, make your own decisions, and make the best out of your life. O Sucking the marrow out of life does not mean choking on the bone. Even if you live your life to the fullest, it doesnt mean you should behave irresponsibly or going overboard. ( there is a limit) o Gather ye rosebuds while ye may. It means the same as seize the day. To catch the opportunities you get, and take advantage of your opportunities. O Make your lives extraordinary. Live each day to the fullest. Dont be ordinary, make your lives different from others. O O captain. My captain. Referred too poem by Walt Whitman. ( He describes Abraham Lincoln) o This movie does not answer any questions. It provides choices. Comment on this. Your life is what you make of it. Carper diem says it all. Catch your opportunities and live your life to the fullest. Be an individual and listen to yourself and be yourself. Dont let others tell you how to life your life. .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883 , .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883 .postImageUrl , .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883 , .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883:hover , .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883:visited , .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883:active { border:0!important; } .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883:active , .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883 .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3d390f23d339aa02b6ab76b17c549883:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: European Society in the Age of the RenaissanceExtra Walton Academy ethos of tradition, honor, discipline, and excellence not only discourages but makes it a crime for a student to exercise a critical political consciousness. The boys were not taught to think for themselves, but simply to obey and Mr.. Keating wanted to change that with the saying Carper diem 2) The teacher adopts a totally different style of teaching that what the students are expecting. He takes them by surprise and immediately catches their attention. He uses it an ice breaker and also uses humor and sex related humor to ease the tension and get wrought to them.

Concepts of The Role of Technology in Economic Development and the Process in Japan

Introduction Perhaps the key prerequisite of economic development of a country is the hopefulness of a country to access to the technological advancement and innovations that seek to adapt this technological knowledge to the needs of marketplace for economic gains.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Concepts of The Role of Technology in Economic Development and the Process in Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most of the economically developed economies mostly are technology influenced; thus, the role of technology in economic development of a nation cannot be ignored. Technology is an intangible body of knowledge by which humans modify nature for the purpose of production process for an economic development. Technological advancement of a country minimizes cost, increases production efficiency, and creates the capacity for better living standards for its people (Technically Speaking, 2010, Para. 1). Econo mic development can be defined as an increase in the per capita income of a country where the spending of its per capita income is on consumer durables and products related to leisure activities as opposed to much spending on basic needs such as food. Hence, a country with high per capita income and spends more on basic needs cannot be described as an economically developed county. A major component of economic development is the citizen’s involvement in economic development process to revolutionize the basic structure of the economy of their country. However, foreign investment is in general unavoidable, for the increase in the real per capita income to be said as an economic development, the citizens of that country must play a part in the production process itself other than just enjoying the economic benefits because of increased per capita income. Source: Ministry of internal Affairs and communications Japan being one of the developed economies, with a per capita income of above $10,000 in the year 1985, it is important to discuss the role technology has played in its economic development.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although other sectors have also such as Agriculture and other service activities have played a key role as it can be shown in the figure below which shows the economic contribution of each economic activity in the year 2008. Technology has enhanced more product production through increased technological efficiency, capital formation, research and development, intellectual property rights and good organizational techniques. Source: Ministry of internal Affairs and communications Technological efficiency Technology has played a key role in revolutionalizing Japan’s production efficiency in both mining and manufacturing sectors. Japan Production process is carried out with the help of machines to produce more of it products, but with the advanced technological efficient production of more and more of its products for both domestic and export has been realised , resulting to the increase in its Gross Nominal Product. It’s continuous increase in efficient methods of producing new products in the market, thus raising its national income , has resulted to its sustained economic development. The growth in productivity has come from changing methods of production and increase in efficient use of its resources. This is one of distinguishing important factor for Japan economic turnround during the industrial revolution as more efficient organisational and production techniques were establishment and the take-off of new innovations (Sahu, 2006, Para .3-19). Research and development Technological advancement of research and development has contributed to economic development of Japan. Since technology is a lifecycle which after a certain period of time it loses the economic value, Japan has b een in the forefront to replace its technology with the newer ones to increase its product production frontiers through investment in research and development.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Concepts of The Role of Technology in Economic Development and the Process in Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, research and development has not been a smooth process, it has taken time before certain innovations diffuse in its economy where the most important technology had a modest impact at its initial stages. The full economic development potential of a new technology development can only be realized after the capability of the technology has been researched and developed. Japan used their technology themselves and as the technology became cheaper and widely diffused which later translated to a reduced resources cost. In an estimate, research and development in automotive industry resulted to Japan ec onomic growth of more than 10 percent in the year 1950 to 1960 as shown below on the graph (Ministry of internal Affairs and communications, 2008, Para. 1-4). Source: Ministry of internal Affairs and communications The application of new technological ideas for example increased efficiency of Japan manufacturing industries, along with the cost accounting represents a rebirth of a new knowledge of scientific management, which has marked an increased rate of technological revolution to reorganize the industry based on improved efficiency for economic growth (Jurica, Tica., 2006, P. 8). This is based on study of scientific knowledge to plan and reorganize both human and non-human capital. There has been a change in technology to meet the best economic practices for example, during the first industrial revolution in Japan, most of the technological innovations and inventions were based on trial and error methods, but as the economy and operations improved, the trial and error methods was not adequate any longer to meet it’s economic development. Hence, the second industrial revolution which brought about research and development purposely to deal with the law of diminishing returns of trial and error methods such as the use of advanced laboratories to test materials and processes with aim of meeting the constant increase in competition among manufacturers, and serve the widening markets were introduced both in the private and public sectors.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To this point, the utilization of new technologies from the previous technologies of industrial revolution era through research and development continues to play a key role in Japan economic development. For example, a major invention of the second industrial revolution such as internal combustion engines technology is still being utilized by the automotive and power production industries with some improved technological features; however, the main principle and ideas are just the same. Capital formation Japan capital formation purposely for production process has played a key role to its economic development. Capital formation is based on the development or generation of a required level of savings and then investing the savings to assets such as machines, plants and human capital. After the Second World War, Japan had a financial shortage and it needed to create capital to generate the targeted industrial growth hence, the need for foreign capital was necessary. The important role of capital savings and its investment to spur economic development of a nation cannot be ignored. By approximation, more than a half of Japan’s national income during the year’s 1969 to1980 was because of increased capital input alone to its economy (Whaples, 2010, Para. 1). Its creation of a pool of a technological human capital mainly in the high technology sector has been a driving force of its economic growth. Investment in technological skills has greatly increased in general, and the level of technological literacy on its citizens, which has definitely improved its atmosphere for a technology-driven economic growth. A very significant unique characteristic of Japan economic revolution was due to the professionalization of its industries functions, for example, the administrative, technical and managerial are clearly distinguished along with the recognition of the qualification requirements for each functional unit in the industries. Technologically literate comm unities are able to recognize that technology as the basis of its economic development hence, acceptance and support of educational training and research as a foundation to support technology for economic development. The development of equipments and machines which are of high technological standards required a highly technical individuals to construct and operate these machines hence reinforcing the necessity of developing both human and non-human capital to facilitate economic development. Organizational technology The economic development is not only because of a pool of technically labor capacity, capital formation, or efficient use of resources and machines, but rather to the organization techniques. This organizational techniques provided possibilities to engage and manage a large number of workers as well as capital to work under supervision and discipline as a result of increased scale of operations; organizational techniques has acted as a bridge between technology advance ments and economic growth for economic development of Japan ( Jurica , Tica., 2006 P. 3-13 ). Legal frame work that support techno- economic environment It is generally acknowledged that abundance of capital savings and its investment in an economy, good organizational techniques and extensive research and development of a country cannot warrant for its increased economic development particularly if there is lack of a good regal framework to protect its technological capabilities. The Japanese Protection of domestic research and development innovations and inventions through intellectual property rights policy is a clear indication the crucial role technology plays in economic development. As its economy become proficient at adapting foreign technical input to its local environment, lack of intellectual property rights may scare away potential innovative firms from investing to its economy because of fear of losing their inventions, hence the investors will not able to make economi c gains from their inventions and innovations. But more significant, Japan developed a legal structure for intellectual property rights which guarantees the needed protection to give confidence to the innovators and inventors to fully reap from their effort; which is an indication that the Japanese economic development appreciates the significance of technology and the value of use of the new technological knowledge in the production process. These laws relating to intellectual property rights act as a complement support to independent technological learning capacity which is there specificaly to develop technology ( Cypher, Dietz., 2008, P. 422-438). Japan economic development in the present, is dependent on the policy frame work put in place there before; which has now shifted its economics path dependency to technological advancement by embracing technical education and science. Its economic policies have acted as a balance to both private and public sectors efficiency by gratif ying technological competency, rather than depending import of technological artifacts, which might not give the full benefits of technology to its economic growth. Conclusion In conclusion, for economic development to take place, technology in terms of capital formation, research and development, Organization techniques and a good legal framework must be in place. Economic development is a continuous process so the developing and the developed economic states must be able deal with the challenges of creating of independent technological learning capacities as an essential component for sustained economic progress. To a great extent, most of the disparity in per capita income among countries is as a result of existence of a technological gaps between nations individual capacity to advance its technology for economic gains and to close these gaps, it requires an economy to alter its development plans to employ new policies at the macroeconomic level with an intention of stirring a na tion to a different path with time. Whatever happens in an economy in the present time is dependent on the direction taken and being the outcome of the previous decisions made which have an effect on expenditure on educational training, research and development, and technological efficiency of domestic work force, requires a greater consideration to be given to factors which have the capacity to capture the world pool of knowledge for local production process. In an attempt to narrow the technological gap, national technological learning capacity must be developed of which its learning and production process should be locally controlled by creating an authentic original technological autonomy in which its domestic professionals become the carriers and agents of technological knowledge to the next generations of research and development professions such as engineers and technicians. However, it should not imply that each nation has to develop it technologies independently in order to advance economically or exclusively depend on the other national’s technological advancement. Rather integrate the world diverse technological advancement for economic gains at the same time concentrating on the creation of local technological learning capacity that can enable that country gain the global knowledge contribution for local economic development needs. Reference List Cypher, J., Dietz, J. (2008). The process of economic development. New York: Taylor Francis. Jurica, S., Tica, J. (2006). Historical Perspective of the Role of Technology in Economic Development. Working paperSeries. 6(10), 1-13. Ministry of internal Affairs and communications. (2008). Statistics Bureau,Director-General for policy planning, Statistical Research and Training institute. Statistics Standards: Handbook Web site. Sahu, P. A. (2006). Economic Development. Reference for Business:Encyclopedia of Business. Web site. Technically Speaking. (2010). What is technology. Retrieved from National Accademic of Engineering: The National Academy of Sciences. Web site. Whaples, R. (2010). Japanese Industrialization and Economic Growth. EH.net: Economic History Services. Web site. This term paper on Concepts of The Role of Technology in Economic Development and the Process in Japan was written and submitted by user Tianna Gutierrez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cultural Conflict Essay Professor Ramos Blog

Cultural Conflict Essay Cultural Conflict Essay

Religion and technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Religion and technology - Essay Example Therefore, the relationship between technology, specifically as a function of science, and religion is characterized by ‘mutually exclusive’ tendencies on both sides that restrict their ability to work together. Religion and theology refuse to acknowledge and often dismiss the technological claims that do not resonate with the role of God in the Universe or that spelled out by the scripture. For example, advancements in technology are meant to increase efficiency in production and make life easier. On the other hand, religion is concerned with the interactions between man and man, man and the environment and man and God. Ethics are a function of religion because, in most cultures, ethics define right and wrong. The values of right and wrong are defined by the religious values of a community. Currently, there are many problems in the use of technology. For example, environmental degradation is a function of technological advancement. In addition, violation of important ethical considerations in the society has increasingly resulted in poverty in poor societies because of a technological handicap compared to the developed countries. On the other hand, the role of religion has been decreasing over the last few centuries. More people are abandoning their religious beliefs because they often feel that the beliefs are outdated or impractical. In addition, the proposition of other theories of the origin of man and sources of answers previously only provided by religion has lessened the role of religion to the people.

Conditions in Somalia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conditions in Somalia - Essay Example The Civil War (1988 – 1992). The central government was dissolved and clans fought for control of the country. When it was clear that the international relief effort was fuelling the fighting that had caused the famine in the first place, the international community considered armed intervention as a solution.Since 1992 the U.S. and other nations withdrew their troops in 1994 and the last United Nations forces were withdrawn in 1995. The inhabitants of Somalia suffered from famine, so United Nations supplied food and humanitarian aid. After the interference of UN Organization, a new government was formed in Somalia. The main duty of the historian is to note the essential events, at the same time, the goal of a politician is to make conclusions which would be relevant in the modern politics. >From the political point of view, Somalia remains a fragmented country both politically and administratively. Despite continuing stabilization in the Northwest Zone of Somaliland and limit ed but encouraging progress in the Northeast Zone of Puntland, humanitarian personnel has faced varied and complex challenges. In the Central and Southern Zone, in particular, insecurity prevailed, and great care was taken throughout the year to safeguard the lives of staff. The pastoral clan-families constitute about 85 per cent of the population.The remaining southern clan-families are associated with mixed pastoralism and farming, and their identity is linked more to the villages in which they live than to the clans to which they belong.

Advantages And Disadvantages Using Computer Networking Facility Computer Science Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Using Computer Networking Facility Computer Science Essay The advantages of using computer networking facility within the Smith Solicitor office They can use intranet facility for internal communication in the office They can share resources like printer so that they can use two printers for the whole office. Video Conference can be done which makes it easier for the employer to contact with the employee. And meetings can be done online. File and data sharing can be done which helps them share data between the computers. Folders can be password protected to limit access to unauthorized users. A single internet connection in server computer allows the entire client computer to share internet. The disadvantage of using computer networking facility within the Smith Solicitor office Skilled IT administrator should be hired for maintenance. Training should be given to the employer and employee to use the computer which in network. Proper network security should be given to the server computer. Network maintenance should be done time to time. Network Installation charges would be expensive. Networking Component like router, switch and cable would be expensive to buy.   All the computers in an office building might become completely useless if a single network component fails.   If a single computer is virus infected then the entire computer in network may soon get affected. Evaluate the various costs, performance, security and utility values associated with the installation of your network design for Smith Solicitor. (P2) The various cost, performance, security and utility values associated with the installation of the network design for Smith Solicitor Server Computer Brand Name: HP Pro Liant DL380 G7 Rack Server The HP Pro Liant DL380 G7 Server continues to deliver on its heritage of engineering excellence with increased flexibility and performance, enterprise-class uptime and HP Insight Control manageability, 2 sockets Intel ® Xeon ® performance, and 2U density for a variety of applications. Features Intel ® Xeon ® E5620 (4 core, 2.40 GHz, 12MB L3, 80W) 6GB PC3-10600R (DDR3-1333) Registered DIMMs Rack-mountable 3 years warranty Specifications Product Description HP Pro Liant DL380 G7 Processor Intel ® Xeon ® E5620 (4 core, 2.40 GHz, 12MB L3, 80W) Form Factor Rack-mountable 2U Cache Memory 12 MB L3 Chipset Intel ® 5520 Chipset Hard Drive None Networking (2) 1GbE NC382i Multifunction 2 Ports RAM 6GB PC3-10600R (DDR3-1333) Registered DIMMs Storage Controller (1) Smart Array P410i/256MB Graphics Controller ATI ES1000 Monitor HP *Windows server 2003 will be installed as an operating system in server computer as it is user friendly. It has different security features. (1) Client Computer HP Pavilion Elite HPE-490uk Designed for computing tasks in equal good measure, the HP  Pavilion Elite HPE-490uk  desktop PC is powered by the potent quad-core Intel ® Coreà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ i7-870 Processor. General Information Processor Intel ® Coreà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ i7-870 Processor 2.93 GHz (up to 3.6GHz with turbo Boost) 8 MB Smart Cache RAM 8GB installed RAM 4 DIMM slots maximum 16GB supported memory Hard Drive 1.5 TB SATA 3G Hard Disk Drive (5400 rpm) USB 10 x USB 2.0 ports Memory Card Reader 15-in-1 memory card reader Accessories Included Keyboard, mouse, power cord, documentation Windows XP will be installed in this client computer as its users friendly. It has got option like plug and play. Its got facilities like  fast user switching which affects applications that access hardware or that can only tolerate one instance of their application running on a machine at any one time. We can also create multiple users and protect the users putting the password. Networking and communication features are also very good in windows xp. So Windows xp would be the most suitable and appropriate as a client computer. (2) Connectivity Device The Network Interface card (NIC) The hub The switch The bridge  Ã‚   Transceivers Wireless access points The router  Ã‚   The gateway Cable (UTP cat 5) RJ45 Cost: The server computer and client computer are as required by The Smith Solicitor Office. Its very affordable and the components are very good. The total price of the entire computer would be about  £16 thousand. Security: The security features of windows 2003 are as listed below Authentication: Most basic level is requiring a user id and password to log on to some system. Access control: Access control is used to secure resources such as files, folders, and printers. Encryption: Confidential files can be encrypted using the Encrypting File System (EFS) for local files stored on NTFS volumes Security policies: Security policies control a range of security settings. The security features of windows XP are as listed below Firewall: Automatic updates: Remote Assistance / Remote Desktop Local Security Policy Justification: Overall selected hardware component are suitable for the selected Operating system and the software and hardware are at affordable price. Provide an overview of a network operating system (NOS) and illustrate how NOS works with in computer network. (P3) Network Operating System (NOS) helps the server computer to control Client computer and distribute the function to the entire client computer. Therefore it helps to manage the computers which are connected in the network. Features of Network Operating System It has a function to allow multiple users to access shared resource at same time. It provides file, print, web services, back-up services. NOS distributes the function to all the computer in network It helps to manage multiple user and support for logon and logoff, remote access; system management, administration tools Client systems contain specialized software that allows them to request shared resources that are controlled by server systems responding to a client request. NOS supports multiple user accounts at the same time and enables access to shared resources by multiple clients at same time. It has security features like authentication, authorization, logon restrictions and access control I suggest windows operating system for smith solicitor office because it is commonly used on computers and currently, the most widely used version of the Windows family is  WINDOWS XP for client computer and WINDOWS SERVER 2003  for servers. It has features listed below Security Windows provide frequently updated security features such as firewalls, pop-up blockers, antivirus and antispyware software and more. It has additional security and administrator tools for server. Networking These OS offer administration tools and security for computer networking. Ease of Use Windows OS are straightforward and user friendly. Technical Help/Support These OS performs numerous functions, above average support is needed. Generally, Microsoft offers more support to its customers online  and also self-guided support. Design a LAN for a Smith Solicitor or assess an existing network (if any) for fitness of purpose. (P4) [Learner needs to design a LAN on the paper for their LAN selection.] last.jpg Identify the various parts (software and hardware) of a network system for Smith Solicitor and relates it to the 7- layered model. (P5) The various parts of a network system for smith solicitor which is related with 7 layeres model are Physical Layer:  This layer explains the physical properties of the various communications media and coordinates the function required to transmit Example: It explains the size of Ethernet coaxial cable, layout of pins. The physical layer uses hubs and repeaters. Data Link Layer: This layer explains the logical organization of data bits transmitted on a particular medium. Example: this layer gives addressing and checks summing of Ethernet packets. Network Layer: This layer helps to describe the exchanges of packets between any two nodes in a network. Ex: It defines the addressing and routing structure of the Internet. Transport Layer: In transport layer it describes the class, quality and type of the data delivered. This layer makes sure if and how retransmissions will be used to ensure data delivery.   Session Layer:   In this layer the group of data sequences larger than the packets handled by lower layers. So it is handles synchronization process. Example: It shows the details of request and reply packets are paired in a remote procedure call.   Presentation Layer: This layer works to translate, encrypt and compress data. Ex: this layer describes how floating point numbers can be exchanged within hosts with different math formats Application Layer: This layer gives services to the user by allowing the access to network resources Ex: this layer would implement file system operations Differentiate between different kinds of network, network topologies and network operating systems. (P6) [Discuss different network topologies] The different kinds of network are A  local area network also knows as LAN  is a kind of network where the networked computers are in short distance only. Example a network within a building of school. LANs Usually owned, controlled, and managed by a single person or organization. They use Token ring or Ethernet technology Metropolitan area network also known as MAN is a network spanning a physical area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as a city. Example it is commonly owned by a single body like as a government body or large company. Wide area network also known as WAN is a geographically single collection of LANs. It generally covers wide area of computer networks. A router connects different LAN to WAN. For example- mostly WANs (like the Internet) arent owned by any organization or group but it works under the joint or distributive ownership and management. The different types of network topologies are: Star topology and tree topology All devices connect to a central device, called hub. All data transferred from one computer to another passes through hub Popular in LAN because its inexpensive and easy to install. Whereas tree topology is the extended form of star topology which is used in large networks .This kind of network significally reduces the traffic on wires by sending packets only to the wires of the destination host Ring topology In this kind of topology cables are formed in closed ring or a loop form where the devices are arranged along the ring. Data communication is d one in this topology by device to device around entire ring in one direction only but if we use dual ring then communication can be done by both direction Mainly this topology is used in LAN network but it is also used in WAN network. Mesh topology In this kind of topology all computer are connected to each other so that theres a fault tolerance in this kind of topology. It is expensive as well as difficult to create this type of topology. Here all the nodes are connected to each other and forms complete network. This kind of network topology is mostly use in financial sector. 3.1 Set up a software network environment, for some departments in a Smith Solicitor organization. (P7) [Configure Active directory] To configure an active directory for smith solicitor organization following process in taken. Click start and type dcpromo and enter. Then a dialogue box will appear. Then we need to press next. After that we will see a domain control type wizard where we need to select the domain controller for a new domain and select next option. Then we need to select the domain in new forest and press next as show in picture below. 4.png After that on the  New Domain Name  page, in the  Full DNS name for new domain  box, we need to give some domain name .For example we can give domain name like SmithSolicitiorFirm.com. After that we need to give name for NetBIOS domain name and click next where we get to seelect the location where we would like to store and save the database and log files. On the  Shared System Volume  page, accept the default in the  Folder location  box, and then click  next. On the  DNS Registration Diagnostics  page, click  Install and configure the DNS server on this computer and set this computer to use this DNS server as its preferred DNS Server, and then click  next as shown in the picture below. C:UsersjaikishanshresthaDesktop9.png On the  Permissions  page, click  Permissions compatible only with Windows  2000 or Windows Server  2003 operating systems, and then click  next. After that on the  Directory Services Restore Mode Administrator Password  page, we need to enter a password in the  Restore Mode Password  box and again retype the password to confirm it in the  Confirm password  box, and then click  next. Finally in last we just need to confirm that the given information are correct and click next  and When prompted to restart the computer, click  Restart now. This is the successful configuration of active directory for smith solicitors server computer. 3.2 Install a piece of network software on to a server to be used by different selected users in a created group on Smith Solicitor Network.(P8) [configure print server] We can configure a print server in smith solicitor network by the following process given below. Installation process: Firstly connect the printer to the computer .Then the printer will be detected automatically. After that we need to install driver which we normally get with printer. Else we can do it manually by the following process as shown below. Click on Start > Settings > Control Panel > Printer and Faxes. Then Click on the File Menu > Add printer > Next > Local Printer attached to this computer.  After that it Checks automatically detect and Install My Plug and Play Printer. Then Click Next. After that a wizard will automatically detect any attached printer and install the driver for it. If the system doesnt find the driver then it will be prompted to provide the drivers location. After successfully installing the printer driver, it will show new printer name in the Printer and Faxes in the control panel. Server Configurations: If the printer needs to be shared by a server computer, firstly we need to click the printer name>properties>sharing>share this printer. Then we need to provide name for the shared printer which will be used by client computer on the network. We can also set the colour management, priorities, printing preferences, font s in the properties tab of the printer. Client Computer Configuration: To setup printer at the client computer we can just give the command \computernameprintername (printer name is the shared name of the printer which we create while configuring server) 3.3 Illustrate how you configure user workstations on the network? (P9) [Steps of user configuration on Active directory] To configure user workstation on the network firstly we need to have one active directory domain, where we need to create a user account in that domain to use as an administrator account. Then after adding the user to the exact security group we can use that account to add computer to domain. To configure user on active directory following process should be completed. C:UsersjaikishanshresthaDesktopAdd new user in Exchange 2003.PNG Firstly click start and then point the cursor towards administrator Tool. Then Click Active Directory Users and Computers  to start the Active Directory Users and Computers console. After that we need to click the domain name that had been created, and then expand the contents. Where we need to right- click Users>New>User Type the first name, last name, and user logon name of the new user, and then click  Next. Where we get other wizard to type a password and confirm it by typing again and click the check box as required by user. Then click Next .After that just check the details and enter to Finish. Finally a new user will be created under the active directory. In case of adding a computer to the domain, following the steps Log on to the computer that needs to be added to the domain. Then right click on MY Computer>Properties>Computer Name Tab>Click change. In the computer Name change dialogue box, click Domain under member of and type the domain name. After that click OK.When you are prompted, type the user name and password of the account that you previously created, and then click  OK. Then a welcome message appears in a dialogue box where we need to click OK and restart. 4.1 Write a report on the rights and responsibilities of the network manager and the network user for Smith Solicitor (P10) [Discuss role of Network admin- user rights, sharing etc. and network user password, maintain file etc.] Network administrator need to setup and configure all the devices, hardware, software, connection between the computers. They should be able to add the user and delete the user as the requirement of the company or manage the password and access control as the requirement and ensure that there is a proper security in the network to protect it from hackers and viruses. They are deeply involved in making sure that the software are updated and applications, and monitoring the performance of the network, checking for security breaches, poor data management practices and more. So scheduled check up should be done. Administrator should be able to manage user account such as file access privileges and passwords. Administrator should also train user to utilize the networks resources and also train users to work under the server network environment. Administrators keep records of all users problems and errors as well as the steps taken to solve the problems. This information is used to help solve future problems. Administrators also control user access to the network. The administrator must also create a firewall-a set of security measures designed to make sure that no one can gain unauthorized access to the system. Administrator should use Active directory for centralized management and manage user environment. Admin should respond to the needs and question of clients concerning their access to resources and create backup in different ways to recover any lost data. They are responsible to manage, assign and maintain the list of network addresses. 4.2 Apply control mechanisms in a Smith Solicitor network for managing users. (P11) [Discuss group policy, user authentication, authorization etc.] Control in a smith solicitor network for managing users can be done by using centralized management system in active directory. Active Directory enables the administrator to centrally manage resources and to easily find the information location. It also enables to group the users according to the users limitation because user group policy helps to makes different policy for the user by the administrator. Active directory user authorization secures resources from the unauthorized user and unauthorized access. Managing Authorization and Access Control Published: November 03, 2005 The Microsoft Windows XP Professional operating system includes a number of features that you can use to protect selected files, applications, and other resources from unauthorized use. These features, which include access control lists, security groups, and Group Policy, along with the tools that allow you to configure and manage these features, provide a powerful yet flexible access control infrastructure for your local resources and network. Understanding what these features are, why they are necessary, and how they function will help you to manage rights and permissions on network and local resources more effectively. Security principal In Windows XP Professional, any entity that can be authenticated. A user, group, computer, or service can be a security principal. Security principals have accounts. Local accounts are managed by the Local Security Accounts Manager (SAM) on the computer. If the account is in a Microsoft Windows 2000 or Windows Serverà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ 2003 domain, it is managed by Active Directory. If the account is in a Microsoft Windows NT version 4.0 domain, it is managed by a SAM database on the primary domain controller. Inheritance A mechanism for propagating access control information down through a tree of objects. In Microsoft Windows NT, an object (such as a file) inherits access control information from its parent object (such as a folder) only when the object is first created. In Windows XP Professional, objects inherit access control information not only when they are created, but also when the parent objects access control list changes. Owner The only security principal who has an inherent right to allow or deny permission to access an object. An objects owner can give another security principal permission to take ownership. By default, the built-in Administrators group on a computer is assigned a user right that allows this group to take ownership of all objects on the computer. Security groups Groups that can be used to organize users and domain objects, thus simplifying administration. Security groups allow you to assign the same security permissions to a large numbers of users, such as employees in a single department or in a single location, ensuring that security permissions are consistent across all members of a group. Security descriptor A data structure containing the security information associated with a securable object. A security descriptor identifies an objects owner by SID. If permissions are configured for the object, its security descriptor contains a discretionary access control list (DACL) with SIDs for the users and groups that are allowed or denied access. If auditing is configured for the object, its security descriptor also contains a system access control list (SACL) that controls how the security subsystem audits attempts to access the object. Access control list (ACL) An ordered list of access control entries (ACEs) that define the permissions that apply to an object and its properties. Each ACE identifies a security principal and specifies a set of access rights allowed, denied, or audited for that security principal. Security settings Security configuration settings that can be applied to individual computers. These settings can be configured locally on the computer by using the Local Security Policy administration tool, the Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Security Configuration and Analysis snap-in, or, if the computer is a member of an Active Directory domain, through the Security Settings extension to Group Policy. Auditing of system events You can use the auditing feature to detect attempts to circumvent protections on resources or to create an audit trail of administrative actions on the system. For example, you can audit failed attempts to open a file. You can also set security policy so that failed logon attempts are recorded in the security event log. If another administrator changes the auditing policy so that failed logon attempts are no longer audited, the log can record this event as well. In an Active Directory environment, you can use Group Policy to centrally control who is allowed to manage security logs on computers joined to a domain. user or group is stored as part of an ACE in a DACL that is part of the objects security descriptor. Rights and Permissions Access control involves the configuration of rights and permissions, which apply to both the objects on the local computer or network and the potential users (including individuals, computers, and services) of those objects. A  right  is authorization to perform an operation. From an administrators point of view, there are two types of rights: privileges and logon rights. In Windows XP Professional, only one user right is inherent-the right to allow or deny access to resources that you own. All other user rights must be granted, which means that they can also be withdrawn. A  permission  is authorization to perform an operation on a specific object, such as opening a file. Permissions are granted by owners. If you own an object, you can grant any user or security group permission to do whatever you are authorized to do with it. When permission to perform an operation is not explicitly granted, it is implicitly denied. For example, if Alice allows the Marketing group, and only the Marketing group, permission to read her file, users who are not members of the Marketing group are implicitly denied access. The operating system will not allow users who are not members of the Marketing group to read the file. Permissions can also be explicitly denied. For example, Alice might not want Bob to be able to read her file, even though he is a member of the Marketing group. She can exclude Bob by explicitly denying him permission to read the file. In fact, this is exactly how explicit denials are best used-to exclude a subset (such as Bob) from a larger group (such as Marketing) that has been given permission to do something. Each permission that an objects owner grants to a particular user or group is stored as part of an ACE in a DACL that is part of the objects security descriptor. User-Based Authorization Every application that a user starts runs in the security context of that user. When a user logs on, an access token is created. The access token contains key security-related information, including the users SID, the SIDs of the groups to which the user belongs, and other information about the users security context. This access token is then attached to every process that the user runs during that logon session. An application runs as a process with threads of execution. When an application performs an operation on a users behalf, one of the threads performs the operation. For example, when Alice opens a Word document, Microsoft Word, and not Alice, actually opens the file. More precisely, one of the threads of execution performs the operation. For a thread to gain access to an object such as a file, it must identify itself to the operating systems security subsystem. Threads and applications do not have a security identity, so they must borrow one from a security principal, such as Alice. When Alice starts an application, it runs as a process within her logon session. When one of the applications threads needs to open a file, the thread identifies itself as Alices agent by presenting her access token. Alice is therefore ultimately responsible for anything that the thread does to the file or system on her behalf. Before allowing the thread of execution to proceed, the operating system performs an access check to determine whether the security principal associated with the thread has the degree of access that the thread has requested. This access check involves the following steps: The security subsystem checks the file objects DACL, looking for ACEs that apply to the user and group SIDs referenced in the threads access token. If a DACL does not exist, access is granted. Otherwise, the security subsystem steps through the DACL until it finds any ACEs that either allow or deny access to the user or one of the users groups. If a deny is found at the user or group level, the access is denied. If the security subsystem comes to the end of the DACL and the threads desired access is still not explicitly allowed or denied, the security subsystem denies access to the object. Therefore, if a DACL exists but is empty, access is by definition denied. At the conclusion of this process, access is either allowed and the file is opened or access is denied, in which case the file remains closed and an Access Denied message is generated. Creating and deleting user accounts and defining and using security groups are important security tasks. Defining the security restrictions or permissions that might apply to different groups of users and resources in your network will help to simplify the implementation and management of the permissions and restrictions in your organization. For example, you can create a Printer Operators group and give it precisely delineated administrative control over a finite group of printers. For you to effectively manage security groups in your organization, you need to be familiar with the relationship between accounts, security groups, and built-in security principals. It is also important for you to become familiar with the techniques and tools available for managing group membership. Built-in security principals apply to any account that is using the computer in a specified way. Built-in security principals allow you to configure security based on the manner in which a resource is being accessed n increasing number of Windows XP Professional-based systems are connected directly to the Internet and participate in home or small business networks rather than in domains. To simplify the sharing and security model used in these nondomain environments, network logons performed against unjoined Windows XP Professional-based computers are automatically mapped to the Guest account by default. This simplifies the sharing of resources in home or small business networks by eliminating the need to synchronize user names and passwords across all computers in the network. Authenticating users logging on to the network as Guest can provide an additional measure of security for computers connected to the Internet by eliminating the ability to access the computer remotely by using administrative credentials. Forcing network logons to authenticate as Guest does not affect the following: Interactive logons. In addition to console logons, this also includes remote access sessions using Terminal Services or Telnet, which are essentially remote occurrences of interactive logon sessions. Computers that are joined to a domain. This is not the default for Windows XP Professional-based computers that are joined to a domain because the domain provides single sign-on capabilities for all computers that are in the domain. Outbound connections. The authentication and access control settings of the computer that you are attempting to access govern outbound connections. 4.3 Discuss how you control printer queues and other forms of resource usage in the Smith Solicitor network. (P12) Controlling in printer queues in smith solicitor can be done by changing the printer job setting by setting a priority and to notify the person when the print is done. As well as pause, cancel or resume can be done. To manage print queue firstly, we need to go to st

Walmart’s Key HR Functions Underperforming

Introduction The success of any organization depends on its strategic asset, the human capital. As pointed out by Lawler (1996), organization’s competitive advantage comes from its human capital. Efficient management of this resource can bring significant benefits to the company. It should be remembered that motivation is the epicenter of performance and an important factor ensuring the success of a company. Improving workplace productivity however remains a major challenge in most companies. In this regard, this study explores the human resource management approach at Wal-Mart. It identifies the ways in which two HR functions (employee motivation and employee performance practices) are underperforming. This includes a brief account of how the functions operate within the organization, how they are applied and what the outcomes for the business are given that they are underperforming. The paper evaluates why these particular functions are considered to be underperforming using Herzbergâ₠¬â„¢s motivator Hygiene Theory. Further the paper makes some recommendations for improvement of these HRM practices and the benefits to the company. What is human resource management? Human resource management encompasses all activities associated with management of the human capital and in ways towards achieving the corporate goal or objective. In any organization, the human resource department plays a crucial role. Not only are HR managers required to recruit and train employees, but they also have the obligation of motivating and engaging the workforce. Understanding what motivates the employee and ensuring good employee employment practices is key for talent retention and performance (Lockwood et al. 2010). Regardless of the economic environment, it is imperative for companies to create an engaged and motivated workforce. Underperformance in the workplace has recently been a major concern in Wal-Mart stores. According to a new research report by Wolfe research, an equities research firm, Wal-Mart has been underperforming over the past years. The firm lowered Wal-Mart from a â€Å"market perform† rating to an â€Å"underperform† rating (Covert, 20 14). Failure by Wal-Mart has been attributed to their poor employment practices especially low wages and lack of rewards. Whereas Wal-Mart may not be the only big store chain criticized for its poor employment practices and policies, it has come to the spotlight owing to its aggressive policies and low cost strategy which undermines the effort made by employees. Just last year, a lawsuit was filed against Wal-Mart by the international Labour Rights Fund for requiring overtime, denying minimum wage and punishing union activity (Covert 2012). This is clearly a violation of worker’s rights. Wal-Mart which was initially a corporate fortress seems to be headed to a downfall. Even its operations in the US indicate the possibility of a failure in the giant retailer. More recently, Wal-Mart warned its investors that its comparable store sales may be slightly negative after the third quarter. This is also evident in the huge layoff of 2300 workers at Sam’s club, one of its stores. The layoff was attributed to their poor performance. Whereas Wal-Mart still remains the corporate fortress in the retail sector due to its massive size, its underperformance in the US and emerging markets indicate the possibility of a failure in the near future. Walmart’s bad business practices Wal-Mart has on several accounts been criticized for poor wages. Why should employees suffer in one of the giant retail stores that make billions of profit annuallyWal-Mart is ranked among the best 100 corporations by Forbes magazine yet most of its employees take on average less than $250 a week. Full-time employees are paid between $6 and $7.50 an hour. A further a third of the employees who are part-time are limited to working up to 28 hours a week and are not eligible for benefits. Such pay scale places them and their families below the poverty line. The lack of rewards demotivates and discourages them from performing well. Perhaps Wal-Marts bad business practices are more evident with the Rana Plaza tragedy which led to the loss of over 1000 lives. The tragedy exposed some of the profound flaws in the industry. Rana Plaza produced private garments for some of the giant retailers including Wal-Mart. Evidence provided by the Bangladesh center for Worker Solidarity showed that Wal- Mart had been producing its garments in Ether Tex factory situated on the 5th floor of the building (Steven 2013). Some documents were found in the rubble detailing purchase orders for certain garments which were to be delivered to Wal-Mart. Further, at the time of the tragedy, Wal-Mart was already listed in Ether Tex’s website as one of the main customer. Although Wal-Mart denied knowledge of their operations at the factory building, it announced its plans to put in place new safety measures at some of their factories in Bangladesh. The corporate fortress, however, promised to stop production if urgent safety problems were uncovered at some of its factories. The company further assured the Bangladeshi government of their support and commitment towards improving workplace safety. But the company stopped short of committing to these improvements and distanced itself from the Rana Plaza tragedy. This is a clear example of bad business practice. Why these particular functions are considered to be underperforming Last year, Wal-Mart reported $11 billion in net income yet it has not been able to remedy some of its questionable workplace practices. Wal-Mart has been filed in over 5,000 lawsuits for poor employment practices such as inadequate health care, wage law violations, worker exploitation and their anti-union retailer stance. Wal-Mart anti-union stance can be seen in their recent threat to close one of its stores in Quebec after workers successfully unionized. Citing ‘economic reasons’; Wal-Mart announced their plans on shutting the store. However, this argument was rejected by Quebec’s labor relations and Wal-Mart’s firings found illegal. Further, the move to extend operations to overseas markets including setting up factories in emerging markets such as Bangladesh and China was driven by the desire to take advantage of cheap labour. For example, Wal-Mart pays much less its employees in China compared to those in the US and the UK. A further criticism has been the lack of employment benefits. Part-time employees are limited to working up to 28 hours a week and are not eligible for benefits. While, workers who are eligible for benefits pay way over the odds to get health insurance and other benefits. The company has often come under criticism for not providing employees with affordable access to health care and employees are overburdened. For example, in 1999, 36% of the total costs were paid by the employees. In 2001, there was a 42% rise in employee burden. The health of its employees has been deteriorating at a faster rate. According to the company’s internal memo discovered by New York Times, Wal-Mart workers were sicker compared to the national population. This begs the question: Why can’t such a giant corporation provide its workers medical retirement benefits given the huge profits that they makeThis question was once raised by one of Wal-Mart’s managers only to be fired by the CEO and reasons of disloyalty cit ed as the reason for being quitted. (Jordan 2008). As Michael Porter (1980) once pointed out that a company would rely on three basic competitive strategies to maintain their edge in the market: differentiation, cost leadership, and focus strategy. Wal-Mart has obviously taken the cost-leadership strategy by reducing the cost of recruitment, providing low pay, no rewards, requiring overtime, and cheap children labors. It currently faces a barrage of lawsuits for extensive violations of labour laws. Wal-Mart also faces law suits for extensive violations of state regulations that require time for breaks and meals. In some instances, minors are forced to work late for the performance appraising. Outcomes for business Wal-Mart may be headed for a downfall. Its customer service is already low and their low-cost strategy has led to many cut offs of employees. Since recession, Wal-Mart has been cutting down on their staff. Without enough manpower for their retail operations and with workers on site underpaid, its merchandize remains stacked on pallets in warehouses instead of the shelves where customers can reach them. What then is the value of offering lower prices if the products are not accessible to the customers? Further, the check-out lines are painfully long and there seems to be a decline in the overall customer shopping experience. Customer shopping experience has been deteriorating due to the longer checkout lines, disorganization and less staff help. Last year, the giant retailer was placed last among in the American Customer Satisfaction Index, a six year in a row in which Wal-Mart has taken the last spot (Ungar 2013). Lessons must be learnt from the experience of the other low end retail ers. McDonald’s earnings have fallen significantly due to their poor terms of employment. Similarly, Wal-Mart needs to consider the potential upside of their aggressive policies. Despite the poor employment practices, Wal-Mart still remains among the leading retail giants. Its remains ahead of its competitors such as Target and JC penny. However, Wal-Mart faces a threat from Costco, its primary competitor. Costco has been experiencing a fairly healthy 8% growth in annual sales (Ungar 2013). In fact, a significant number of customers are moving to this retailer for their shopping experience. Could this be attributed to the good employment practices at CostcoUnlike Wal-Mart, employees at Costco get a decent living and are paid in excess of the minimum wage. Given the aggressive HR policies employed by Wal-Mart, it begs the question: what then is the role of HR managers in this companySince, as HR professionals, they are required to put in place strategies oriented towards the e mployees. To some point, however, employees seem to be encouraged to think of themselves as ‘servant leaders’. For example, employees are called â€Å"associates† showing that the company values their contribution. Such kinds of HR policies are employed in most of the best performing companies. These policies and practices serve to motivate employees to increase their performance and can aid in developing good corporate culture. However, employees may not feel appreciated if they are paid less than minimum wages and denied rewards and opportunities for professional growth. There seem to be no opportunities for enhancement and professional growth. Wal-Mart does very little training and developments of its human resources and as such, opportunities for enhancement of professions especially for women are limited. In fact, several claims have been filed against Wal-Mart for discriminating against women in terms of employment positions and the lack of opportunities fo r advancement. Improving employee motivation and employment practices at Wal-Mart As HR professionals continue to seek bright, talented and highly engaged workforce, motivational theories can provide insights on how Wal-Mart can improve employee motivation and engagement. Several motivational theories have been suggested including the Expectancy Theory, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory, Herzberg’s motivator Hygiene Theory, Goal Setting Theory, and Equity theory (Lockwood et al. 2010) Herzberg’s motivator Hygiene Theory is perhaps more applicable to the case of Wal-Mart. The theory suggests that two main factors must be met for employees to become satisfied with work. These are: the hygiene factors and motivator factors. The hygiene factors include meeting the basic needs such as adequate pay, comfortable working environment, effective supervision and good relationships with the core workers. On the other hand, motivation factors include advancement and professional growth, and rewards or opportunities for recognition (lockwood et al. 2010) W al-Mart needs to consider applying the two-factor theory of motivation if they are to improve on the performance of their employees. They need to revamp their policies, increase the salary of their employees, and the safety and security of the employees. Further, they need to consider motivators that are intrinsic to the job which include providing rewards for achievement and increasing their growth opportunities. Pundits, policymakers and activists outraged by the company’s low wages have been calling for protests. According to Robert Reich, a professor at U.C. Berkeley, Walmart’s net income is estimated at $17 billion meaning that they can easily afford to give its workers a small pay-rise (Atner 2013). The Chancellor professor of public policy has in fact urged shoppers to boycott Wal-Mart since they do not want to share even a little bit of their income with their employees (Atner 2013). Conclusion In today’s highly competitive marketplace, motivation of employees and employing the best employment practices is key to success. Underperformance in the workplace has recently been a major concern in Wal-Mart stores. Several lawsuits have been filed against Wal-Mart for violation of worker’s rights including low wages, lack of employment benefits, being required to work overtime and denied to participate in union activity. Bad employment practices are clearly evident in Wal-Mart. This has affects employee productivity as it demoralizes and demotivates them. Wal-Mart needs to consider applying the two-factor theory of motivation if they are to improve on the performance of their employees. Incentives are key to maintaining a motivated workforce and ensuring business success. Appraising and offering hardworking employee with incentives will motivate them to go the extra mile of putting the company first. Employee valuations need to be implemented and growth opportunities made plenty. HR managers at walmart need to understand the benefits of employee motivation and engagement. By sharing their profit, employees will feel appreciated and more passionate about their work. Ultimately, this will result in improved performance and greater customer satisfaction Reference Ciura, B., 2014. Is Wal-Mart’s empire about to failViewed on 29th March 2014. Available from http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/02/01/is-wal-marts-empire-about-to-fall.aspx Covert, B., 2014. Walmart’s labor practices backfire. Viewed on 29th March 2014. Available from http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2014/02/10/3271221/walmart-downgraded-understaffing/ Gusdorf, M.L. and Reed, S.M., 2009. The role of mission and values in strategic human resource management. 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Wal-Mart pays workers poorly and sinks while Costco pays workers well and sails-proof that you get what you pay for. {Viewed on 30th March 2014} available fromhttp://www.forbes.com/sites/rickungar/2013/04/17/walmart-pays-workers-poorly-and-sinks-while-costco-pays-workers-well-and-sails-proof-that-you-get-what-you-pay-for/